BRL: Braille through Remote Learning

Braille Transcribers Course

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  • General guidelines
  • Page Numbering
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  • Headings
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    1. Session 1
    2. Session 2
    3. Session 3
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  • Rule for Table of Contents

    Tables of contents
    1. General provisions
      1. If a table of contents is shown in the print text, a table of contents must be placed at the front of each volume of the braille edition in the order shown in Section 1b above.
        1. When a preliminary volume is required, see Section 1c above. The entire table of contents of the print text must be included in Volume 1 of the braille edition.
        2. Each subsequent volume must contain only that portion of the print contents that is included in the particular volume.
        3. If parts of a table of contents are repeated before text section this duplication must be ignored, and notice of the omission must be given on the Transcriber's Notes page in Volume 1.
      2. Capitalization and special typefaces. Follow print copy for capitalization of the contents heading, unit and part headings, and listed contents items. Special typefaces must be ignored except where italics are required for emphasis or distinction.
      3. Unit and part headings. Regardless of the placement shown in print, unit and part headings must be centered on the braille line and placed above the chapter headings or other subdivisions to which they apply.
        1. Unit and part headings must be preceded but not followed by a blank line except in the following cases.
          1. When there are two or more consecutive unit or part headings, a blank line must precede only the first heading.
          2. In Volume 1, no blank line must precede a unit or part heading when it immediately follows a volume number.
          3. In Volume 1, no blank line must precede a unit or part heading that immediately follows the heading Following Volumes placed as provided in Section 7b(2)(b) below.
        2. If a unit or part heading is shown with a page number, that page number must be placed to end at the right margin on the last line of the heading, and guide dots should be inserted according to Section 7c(4) below.
      4. Topic headings. Items in a print table of contents (with or without page numbers) may be shown grouped under topic headings in various ways and for different purposes, including the following.

        To group a number of related items
        To identify specific listed items
        To refer to visual scanning devices, e.g., page tabs

      5. Volume numbers and divisions
        1. Volume numbers. In accordance with Section 7b(2) below, place individual braille volume numbers in the table of contents of Volume 1 only. No volume number should be inserted when the braille edition consists of a single volume.
        2. Volume divisions When it is necessary to end a braille volume within a chapter or other section of the text, this must be indicated in the table of contents, as follows.
          1. In the complete table of contents in Volume 1 do not repeat any headings that are centered on the contents page, i.e., unit or part headings. Repeat only the heading of the last listed item followed by the word (cont.).
          2. In tables of contents in Volume 2 and following volumes, repeat the centered unit or part heading and the listed item in which the volume division occurs. Insert the word (cont.) after only the last listed item.
      6. The last line of each contents page must carry only the running preliminary braille page number.
      7. Runovers of contents items may begin a new braille page. When the table of contents in a volume must be continued on one or more braille pages, do not repeat any of the first page headings provided in Section 7b below. On succeeding contents pages, the contents items and/or their runovers must be started on the first line (second line, if a running head is used).
    2. Headings on the first page of a table of contents
      1. On the first line (third line, if a running head is used), center the heading shown in print e.g., What You Will Study. If there is no print heading, center the word CONTENTS.
      2. Volume numbers in first volume only
        1. On the third line (fifth line, if a running head is used) center the heading Volume 1.
        2. Unknown volume divisions. After completion of the contents of the first volume, if exact volume divisions are not known, leave a blank line preceding the centered heading Following Volumes.
        3. Known volume divisions. After completion of the contents of the first volume, when exact volume divisions are known, leave a blank line preceding the centered heading Volume 2. The remaining volume numbers must be inserted in the same manner.
      3. Chapter and page headings
        1. The word Page must be placed to end at the right margin on the braille line above the page numbers of listed contents items.
        2. When the print text shows a heading such as Chapters, Stories, Essays, etc., above the listed contents, place the appropriate heading starting in cell 1 on the same braille line with Page.
        3. If Chapter, Story, Essay, etc., is shown preceding each listed contents item, place the appropriate word as directed in (b) above and omit it before the individual contents items.
        4. The headings Chapter (or other headings) and Page must be placed as follows.
          1. In volume 1, on the fourth line (sixth line, when a running head is used)
          2. In volume 2 and other volumes, on the second line (fourth line, if a running head is used)
    3. Listed contents items. Regardless of the manner in which contents items are printed, i.e., in linear or list format, in the braille edition contents items must be transcribed as provided below.
      1. Items with page numbers
        1. Start each main item (preceded by its identifying number or letter, if any) in cell 1. When there are only main items in the entire table of contents, all runovers of listed items must begin in cell 3.
        2. If there are main items and subdivisions in the table of contents, start main items in cell 1 with runovers in cell 5, start subdivisions in cell 3 with runovers in cell 7, sub-subdivisions must start in cell 5 with runovers in cell 9, and so on.
        3. At least one blank cell must be left between the end of a listed item and its page number. When a listed item requires more than one braille line, at least six blank cells must be left after any braille line that is not followed by a page number.
      2. Items without page numbers. If a series of contents items printed in either linear or list format is shown without page numbers, braille the entire series in linear form. Placement of the first item and the indention of runovers of the series must be according to (1) above. Insert semicolons to separate individual items within such a series.
      3. Major divisions of the contents. When a table of contents contains major divisions, such a preface, introduction, index or appendix, a blank line should separate these divisions from the other contents items but not from each other.
      4. Guide dots. A series of unspaced guide dots (5), preceded and followed by a blank cell, should be inserted between the last word of a contents item and its page number. However, unless there is space for two or more guide dots the page number must follow the item with no guide dots inserted.
      5. Transposed material. When material that is listed in the print table of contents is transposed from its original position to a different position in the braille edition, it must be listed (with its print page number, if shown) in the contents of the braille volume in which it appears.
        1. Unless exact volume divisions and volume contents are known in advance, any material that is to be transposed must be listed in the contents of Volume 1 just as it appears in the print table of contents.
        2. In the contents of subsequent volumes, transposed material must be listed (with its print page number, if shown) in the order in which it appears in the particular volume.
      6. Omission of listed maps, illustrations, etc. When such items, as a whole or in part, are not included in the braille edition, do not list the omitted items in the table of contents. Notice of such omission must be given in a transcriber's note inserted after completion of the entire table of contents in Volume 1. Leave a blank line before inserting a transcriber's note such as the following.

        Listing of ______omitted.

      7. Contents in index format. When a table of contents is printed in the form of an index, i.e., with contents items listed in alphabetical order rather than in the sequential order in which they appear in the body of the text, these contents must be brailled as an index according to Rule 7, Section 4.
        1. Because the contents items are not shown in normal sequential order in this format, the entire print table of contents must be included in each volume of the braille edition.
        2. The following transcriber's note must be inserted immediately following the contents heading on the first page of the table of contents in each volume.

          The contents are brailled as printed--in index format.

    4. Page numbers in tables of contents
      1. Only page numbers that are listed in the print table of contents must be given in the braille table of contents.
        1. When a listed item starts on a lettered continuation page in the braille edition, the appropriate letter must precede the print page number.
        2. In the complete table of contents in the first volume, exact lettered page numbers must be indicated for the contents items in Volume 1. When it is possible to do so, lettered page numbers should also be given for the contents of all other volumes.
      2. The page number must be placed to end at the right margin of the braille line on which a listed item ends.
      3. Inclusive or consecutive page numbers. When inclusive page numbers or several consecutive page numbers are shown with a listed item, the page numbers must be brailled as printed and placed as directed in (2) above.


    Developed by
    Shodor logoThe Shodor Education Foundation, Inc.
    in cooperation with the
    North Carolina Central University
    and the Governor Morehead School for the Blind

    Copyright © 1998