SIGNS OF GROUPING

While signs of grouping most commonly occur in pairs, the text must be followed when only the opening or only the closing grouping sign is shown in print. No space should be left between on opening or a closing sign of grouping and the material which it encloses.

Parentheses	Opening ( Closing )
Brackets (square)	Opening [ Closing ] Boldface Opening [ Boldface Closing ]
Barred Brackets	Opening Closing
Angle Brackets	Opening < Closing >
Braces (curly brackets)
Opening { Closing }
Barred Braces	Opening Closing
Half Brackets	Upper Left Upper Right Lower Left Lower Right
Vertical Bars	Single Double | | Boldface Single | Boldface Double | |
Transcriber's Grouping Symbols	Opening (no print equivalent) Closing (no print equivalent)

Punctuation With Signs of Grouping: A sign of grouping must be punctuated mathematically and must not itself be considered a punctuation mark. Thus, except for the mathematical commas, hyphen, and dash, the punctuation indicator must be used before a punctation mark following a sign of grouping.

1. 

   

2. ("two").

   

3. ("2")

   

4. (-"two")

   

1. The following categories restrict the use of contractions:
   1. The one-cell whole-word alphabet contractions for but, can, do, ... , as.
      1. (but not in division)

         

      2. (that is)

         

      3. (you can do it)

         

      4. (Not now.)

         

      5. (you cannot do so)

         

      6. ("Can you go?")

         

      7. (but, you must not)

         

      8. (More. not less.)

         

   2. The whole-word lower-sign contractions for be, enough, were, his,in, was, to, into, by. Part-word contractions may be used in enough, were, and into.
      1. The x (in the example below) is the variable.

         

      2. (Be sure you are correct)

         

      3. (that is enough)

         

      4. (were you sure of your answer)

         

      5. (his answer is wrong)

         

      6. ("in all cases it holds true")

         

      7. (This cannot be)

         

      8. (into every dividend)

         

      9. (this fact must be looked into)

         

      10. ("By your leave.")

          

      11. (to within a tolerance of 5 cm)

          

      12. (by your calculations)

          

      
      
   3. The whole- or part-word contractions for and, for, of, the with.
      1. Mary (and Sandra) can add.

         

      2. (and, in addition)

         

      3. (Andrea, Andrew, Sandra)

         

      4. We are (for and with) you.

         

      5. (For example.)

         

      6. (What did you come for ?)

         

      7. Read (formula 4.6) p.36.

         

      8. They (of the example above) is negative.

         

      9. ["of course not"]

         

      10. (Find the proof.)

          

      11. {the months of the year}

          

      12. Add 4 + 3 (then devide).

          

      13. Do it (without dividing) mentally.

          

1. (1), (2), and (3)

   

2. {10,000}

   

3. | 3 |

   

4. (1, 2, and 3)

   

5. (1 + 2 = 3, 1 + 3 = 4)

   

6. (1-to-1 correspondence)

   

7. (.1 < .2)

   

8. (-10 and + 4 is -6)

   

9. (2 is imaginary; ['2' is real])

   

10. (2 and 3)

    

1. The Engllish letter indicator must not be used when a single English letter or an unspaced combination of letters in regular type is entirely inclosed within signs of grouping.
   1. (a), (b), and (c).

      

   2. [x], [x], {R}, | y | , | | f | |

      

   3. (ab) and (cd) are not equal.

      

   4. (xy) and (XY)

      

2. When a single English letter or an unspaced combination of letters is in direct contact with only its opening or closing sign of grouping, the English letter indicator must be used or must not be used as though the grouping signs were not present. However, the English letter indicator must not be used when a grouping sign carries a prime or other modifying model.
   1. (a, b and C)

      

   2. (p is less than q)

      

   3. ("M is greater than N")

      

   4. (x's and y's)

      

   5. (nth root of x)

      

   6. (x-intercept)

      

   7. (not-p)

      

   8. (ab is the same as ba)

      

   9. (side AB)

      

   10. (-r, +s, and -t)

       

   11. (b' is read as "b prime")

       

   12. (a = b, b = c, ab = cd)

       

   13. (j = 1, 2, 3, . . ., n)

       

   14. a) 3 x 4 = ?

       

   15. t]' and v]' have unique meaning.

       

3. The English letter indicator must be used with any English letter printed in nonregular type even though it is enclosed within, or in contact with, signs of grouping.
   1. (j)

      

   2. (r, s, and T)

      

4. The appropriate alphabetic indicator must be used with any letter from the German, Greek, Hebrew, or Russian alphabets even when enclosed within, or in contact with, signs of grouping.
   1. 

      

   2. 

      

   3. 

      

   Signs of Grouping of Abbreviations: When an abbreviation occurs within grouping signs, no space should be left between the abbreviation and its related sign of grouping. The English letter indicator must be treated as though the grouping signs were not present.
   1. 1 liter (l)

      

   2. 1 liter (l.)

      

   3. 1 year (yr) = 12 months (mo)

      

   4. 1 year (yr.) = 12 months (mo.)

      

   5. (N 30degrees W)

      

   6. (N. 30 degrees W.)

      

   7. (1 light-yr)

      

   8. (1 light-yr.)

      

   9. (g-mole)

      

   10. (d-c means "direct current")

       

   11. 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in)

       

   12. (i.e.)

       

   13. (L.C.M. means least common multiple)

       

   14. (EST)

       

   15. {Wed., Thurs., Fri.}