BRL: Braille through Remote Learning

Specialized Codes Course

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Session Topics
  • Signs of Grouping
  • Enclosed Lists (Grouping)
  • Nondecimal Bases
  • Level Indicators
  • Format

    Evaluation
  • Reading Exercise
  • Writing Exercise

    Other Resources
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  • Intro Braille course
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  • Superscripts, Subscripts, And Level Indicators

    Effect of Level Indicators:
    1. The effect of one level indicator is terminated by another level indicator.

      1. 8x5 - 6x3y2

      2. (ra + S2)

      3. nxy

      4. a(mn)

      5. 10-4

      6. Pxyz

    2. The effect of a level indicator is terminated by the punctuation indicator. Thus, the punction indicator must be used after a word or an abbreviation in a superscript if the punctuation following it is on the baseline of writting. If the punctuation indicator is required in a superscript or subscript, the appropriate level indicator must be used before the punctuation indicator to show continuation of the level in effect.

      1. Multiply: 210 x 23.

      2. ei.

      3. The x2's and x3's.

      4. y1's . . . yn's

      5. Sangle.

      6. Am + m + m's.

    3. The effect of a level indicator is terminated by a comma unless the comma occurs in a long numeral. If a comma comes between two separate items in a superscript or subscript, the symbol dots 2-4-6 must be used to replace the comma of the comma and a space.

      In such cases, the comma represented by this symbol does not terminate the superscript or subscript level already in effect. The symbol dots 2-4-6 must not be used to replace the comma on the baseline of writing.

      1. x2, y2, z2

      2. (a1, a1i, a2i)

      3. Add: 2five, 3five, 4five.

      4. e1,000

      5. x1,2

      6. xi,j

      7. x1,2

      8. xi,j,k

      9. xn-1, n-1, xn-1, n, xn, n-1

      10. x(a,b) + ya



    4. The effect of a level indicator is terminated by a space or by a transition to a new braille line followed by literary text or by separate mathematical text. If a space separates the parts of an abbreviation orphrase in a superscript or subscript, the appropriate level indicator must be used before each part to show continuation of the level in effect.

      1. 2q2 is an even integer, and 3q3 is an odd integer.

      2. Ak is the coefficient of xk.

      3. A1 and A2 are constants.

      4. 6.696 x 108 miles per hour

      5. 6.696 x 108 mph

      6. 102 103 104

      7. nst. angles

      8. nobtuse angles

      9. An + n + n all n's are equal.

    5. The effect of a level indicator is terminated by a space followed by a sign of comparison. If a sign of comparison occurs in a superscript or subscript, the appropriate level indicator must be used before the sign of comparison to indicate its level. The effect of a level indicator placed before a sign of comparison extends through the space following it. No space should be left between a sign of comparison and a related braille indicator.

      1. a2 + b2 + c2 = d6


      2. 4x > 3x when x > 0.

      3. 468 + 238 + 358 = 1268

      4. s]t=a

      5. Su=a

    6. The effect of a level indicator extends throught the space preceding and following an ellipsis or long dash. However, if the space is followed by literary text, by separate mathematical text, or by a sign of comparison, it terminates the effect of the level indicator and indicates a return to the baseline of writing.

      1. x1 + 3 + 5 + . . . + (2n-1)

      2. pn1, n2, . . .

      3. 107 + - equals 1010

      4. 107 + . . . = 1010

      5. 10 - = 68

      6. a1b2c3d4 . . . zn



      7. r1 . . . rn



    7. The effect of a level indicator extends through the space inserted in a numeral for the purpose of dividing it into short regular groups of digits.

      1. e3.14159 26535



    Developed by
    Shodor logoThe Shodor Education Foundation, Inc.
    in cooperation with the
    North Carolina Central University
    and the Governor Morehead School for the Blind

    Copyright © 1998