Signs of Comparison (Continued)

The following simple signs of comparison have already been introduced:

Arrow	Pointing Left Pointing Right Contracted Form Uncontracted Form Pointing Left and Right Pointing Up Pointing Down Pointing Up and Down
Equals	=
Greater Than (is greater than)	With Straight Sides With Curved Sides
Less Than (is less than)	With Straight Sides With Curved Sides
Proportion (as)	::
Ratio (is to)	:

Additional Signs of Comparison:

1. Arc
   

   Concave Upward
   Concave Downward

   1. 
      

   2. 
      

2. Equivalence (is equivalent to):  
   1. 
      

3. Identity (is identical to, is congruent to):  

   This symbol must not be used for is congruent to if another sign is used for this purpose in print.

   1. 
      

   2. 
      

4. Inclusion (is contained in, is a subset of):  
   1. 
      

   2. 
      

5. Membership (is an element of, belongs to):  

   This symbol is generally used for sets and their elements. It must not be mistaken for the Greek uncapitalized epsilon even though it may be referred to as such.

   1. 
      

   2. 
      

6. Parallel To (is parallel to): || 
   1. AB || CD
      

7. Perpendicular To (is perpendicular to):  
   1. 
      

   2. 
      

8. Relation (is related to): R 

   When an R or any other letter or sign is used between two expressions to show relation, the letter or other symbol must be treated as a sign of comparison.

   1. a R b
      

   2. 
      

9. Reverse Inclusion (contains;in logic, implies):  
   1. 
      

   2. 
      

10. Reverse Membership (contains the element):  
    1. 
       

11. Tilde

    Simple (is related to, is similar to):
    Extended (is related to):

    The tilde may be used as a sign of operation or as a sign of comparison.

    1. 
       

    2. 
       

12. Variation (varies as):  
    1. 
       

13. Vertical Bar (such that):  |  

    The vertical bar may be used as a sign of grouping, as a sign of operation or as a sign of comparison. When used as a sign of comparison, it usually occurs in an expression within braces used for set notation. However, it may also appear in other situations.

    1. {x | x has the property T}
       

    2. {w | w = w + 1}
       

    3. {m | 3 (m - 6) = -9}
       

    4. {(x,y) | x + y = 6}
       

Signs of Comparison Compounded Vertically: When two or more simple signs of comparison are arranged one under the other, the combination becomes a single comparison sign compounded vertically. The symbol for the uppermost sign must be written first and unspaced from the symbol for the next lower sign.

1. Arrows: When a right pointing arrow in regular type with a full barb and single shaft of ordinary length is part of a sign of comparison compounded vertically, its contracted form must not be used.

   Pointing-Right Over Pointing-Left
   Pointing-Right Over Pointing-Left
   Pointing-Left Over Pointing-Right
   Long Pointing-Right Over Short Pointing-Left
   Short Pointing-Right Over Long Pointing-Left
   Pointing-Right With Upper Barb Only Over Pointing-Left With Lower Barb Only
   Pointing-Left Over Boldface Pointing-Right
   Boldface Pointing-Right Over Pointing-Left
   Boldface Pointing-Left Over Pointing-Right
   Boldface Pointing-Right Over Boldface Pointing-Left
   Boldface Pointing-Left Over Boldface Pointing-Right

   1. 
      

   2. 
      

2. Equals:
   

   Horizontal Bar	-
   Oblique Bar	/or\
   Equals Sign	=

   As shown in c through k below, a single horizonal bar, an oblique bar, or an equals sign may appear as part of a sign of comparison compounded vertically. The horizontal bar or oblique bar is often substituted for the equals sign.

3. Greater Than:
   

   Bar Over Greater Than (is equal to or greater than)
   Equals Sign Over Greater Than (is equal to or greater than)
   Bar Under Greater Than (is greater than or equal to)
   Equals Sign Under Greater Than (is greater than or equal to)

   1. 
      

   2. 
      

   3. 
      

   4. 
      

Go to Signs of Comparison, Part 2