Braille Formats
Principles of Print to Braille Transcription
1997


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  • Rule 1
  • Rule 2
  • Rule 3
  • Rule 4
  • Rule 5
  • Rule 6
  • Rule 7
  • Rule 8
  • Rule 9
  • Rule 10
  • Rule 11
  • Rule 12
  • Rule 13
  • Rule 14
  • Rule 15
  • Rule 16
  • Rule 17
  • Rule 18
  • Rule 19

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    A

    abbreviations academic degrees, authors'
    accent symbol
    acknowledgements, R1, §18a
    acute accent
    affiliation
    agency requirements
    alignment of items
    alliteration
    alphabetical divisions
    in glossaries, vocabularies, dictionaries, R19, §1a
    in indexes, R7, §4a
    alphabetical sequences of letters for volumes of a dictionary, R19, §11
    alphabetized
    altering, editing the print text, R13, §1d; R13, §9; R13, §10b(1)-(4)
    alternative headings in tables, R8, §6i(1)
    ampersand, symbol for, R5, §2e
    anatomical illustrations, R18, §5a
    angle brackets
    anglicized material
    answer sections, R13, §5
    antonyms, R19, §9
    apostrophe
    appendixes
    arabic numerals
    arrows and arrowheads
    articulation, speech instruction, R18, §5
    asterisk
    at sign, symbol for, R5, §2e
    attributions, credit lines, source citations, R1, §18b
    augumented Latin alphabets, R18, §1a(3)
    author's name
    author's personal acknowledgements, R1, §18a

    B


    backslashes
    bar graphs, R17, §9b
    because, mathematical sign, symbol for, R5, §2c
    bibliographies, R7, §2e
    black diamond, symbol for, R4, §3
    blank lines blank spaces
    blanks and omissions
    blanks to be filled
    blocked paragraph format, R1, §2a(8)(b)
    boldface colon, symbolic colon
    boldface swung dash
    boldface type
    book cover, material on or inside, R2, §8
    book titles
    boxed or circled words on single line of text, R3, §3; R6, §3a
    boxed or screened materials
    boxes
    braces
    brackets
    braille codes
    braille contractions, not used, R1, §4a
    braille dot numbers, R1, §15b(1)
    braille headings
    braille lines
    braille page numbers. braille punctuation and composition symbols
    braille reference indicator braille reference symbols
    braille volumes
    breaks in context
    breve accent
    bullets, check marks, ect.

    C

    ceasura, poetic meter symbol, R10,§2c(1)
    capital letters
    capitalization
    captions
    caret, symbol for, R14, §6b,(2)
    cartoons, R17, §3
    cast of characters in a play, R9, §1a
    category headings
    in phonetic tables of pronunciaton, R18, §4e(2)
    in special symbols list, R2, §5d(2)
    in tables of pronunciation, R18, §1d(4)(a)
    in transcribers notes containing keys, R19, §12b(2)(b)[2]; R19, §12d(2)(b)
    cedilla
    cell-5 braille headings
    for categories in special symbols list, R2, §5d(2)
    for columned material, R7, §1c(2)-(3)
    following running heads, R1, §12b(3)
    general format for, R4, §3
    for entry words in handbooks, R19, §3b(2)
    for listed items, R7, §2a(2)
    for subheadings in stairstep columns, R7, §1f(3)(i)
    for subheadings in stairstep tables, R7, §9e(4)
    for topic headings in table of contents, R2, §7a(4)
    cent sign, symbol for, R5, §2b,
    centered dot between syllables
    centered headings
    chapter headings
    character, as used in this Code, R1, §1b(3)(a)
    charts
    check mark
    chorus or refrain, R11, §4c(3)
    circle, symbol for, R5, §3
    circled or boxed words, R3, §3
    circumflex
    Code definitions, terminology, R1, §1b
    codes
    colon
    colored boxes
    colored type
    column headings
    columned material
    combined print page numbers, R1, §13c
    commentaries
    common mathmatical signs, R5, §2c
    comparative forms in grammers, R15 §2a
    composers name, R11, §4c(1)(b)
    composition and punctuation symbols, order of, R1, §4c
    compound hyphen
    computer braille code, R1, §1a
    computer notation
    conjugations, formats for, R15, §2a
    consultants and reviewers, R2, §2c(4)(d)
    contents See table of contents
    continuation pages, lettered
    continued or (cont.) lines contracted braille, not used
    contraction, as used in this code, R1, §1b(3)(b)
    conversation See dialogue
    copyright notice
    copyright sign, R5, §2e(2)
    corrections
    credit lines, See attributions
    cross-references
    crossbar, diacrtic symbol for, R18, §3f(4)
    crossed-out items
    crosshatch
    crossword puzzles, R16, §2
    cues, audio or video, R19, §1d
    currency, domestic or foreign, R5, §2b
    cursive handwriting. See handwriting or handprinting.

    D

    dagger and double dagger
    dash
    dates
    decades, plural of, R5, §4a(4)
    decimal numeration in number lines, R7, §3b
    decimal point
    declensions, formats for, R15, §2a
    dedications, R2, §4
    definitions
    degree sign
    deletions, crossed out items, R14, §5
    description, given by trancriber
    of cartoons, R17, §3d
    of illustrations, R17, §1f
    of pattern poem shape, R10, §1b
    in transcribers notes, R1, §7a(3)
    diacritics
    diaeresis or umlaut
    diagonal. See slash
    diagonal lines
    diagrammed, scansion and meter, R10, §2d
    diagrammed sentences
    dialogue
    diamond and black diamond, symbols for, R5, §3
    dictionaries
    dimensions with the word by, R5, §2c(1)
    directions
    displayed materials
    distinction or simple emphasis
    distinguishing between typefaces, R3, §1d
    distinguishing colors
    ditto sign
    dividing between pages
    division of
    division sign, symbol for, R5, §2c
    dollar sign
    dots
    double dash
    double numeration, R5, §6b
    double slash, indicating poetic meter, R10, §2c
    double vertical bar
    drawings. See illustrations
    drills. See exercises

    E

    edited copy. See proof reading marks.
    editing, altering of print text
    edition, name or number
    editor's name
    elision, glide, or liasion of sounds, R18, §5e
    ellipsis
    emphasis. See distinction or simple emphasis
    enclosure or grouping symbols
    end-of-volume indication, R1, §9c
    entry words in glossary or handbook, R19, §3b(2)
    entry words in vocabulary or dictionary containing braille contractions, R19, §4c(1)
    enumerations. See lists, outlines
    epigraphs, R1, §17b
    equal sign, symbol for, R5, §2c
    errors
    example or model questions with answers, R13, §4
    example words
    excerpts
    exclamation point
    exercises
    expendable braille material, R13, §2c(2); R13, 9
    explanation, given by transcriber
    extraneous marginal material, R12, §5b(4)

    F

    facing pages
    facsimiles
    first grade texts. See kindergarten and first grade texts
    fist note, symbol for, R5, §3
    foot sign
    footnotes. See notes
    foreign languages
    foreign material
    forwards
    forms, print fascimiles, R17, §4
    freestanding
    full print page

    G

    gloss note
    glossaries
    graded level with book title, R2, §2c(3)
    grammers, R15, §2
    grammatical errors
    graphs, R17, §9
    grave accent
    greater then sign, symbol for, R5, §2c
    Greek letters, words
    grids
    guide dots
    guide words
    guillemets, R6, §1f(1)

    H

    handwriting or handprinting
    headings
    Hebrew letters, words
    hollow dot
    horizontal lines
    before and after boxes, R6, §3b(1)
    before and after tables, R8, §3
    in spatial sentence diagramming, R15, §3b(2)(c)
    in a table, R8, §3d
    in tactile presentations, R17, §6a-b; R17, 7a; R17, §8
    hymnals, R11, §4
    hyphen
    hyphenated compound words
    hyphenated mixed numbers, R5, §4b

    I

    illustrations
    inch sign, symbol for, R5, §2d(1)
    inclusive
    incomplete, indefinite dates, R14, §3
    incomplete poetic lines
    indented format
    indention
    indexes
    indicator, as used in this Code, R1, §1b(3)(b)
    inflection, intonation, or voice pitch, R18, §5d
    insertions
    intentional errors in text, marked and unmarked,R14, §2
    International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
    International Standard Book Number (ISBN), R2, §2c(5)(c)
    International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), R2, §2c(5)(c)
    interviews. Seedialouge
    introductions
    italics
    items to be counted, symbols for, R17, §1h

    J

    justification. Seealignment of items

    K

    keying technique
    keys kindergarten and first grade texts

    L

    labels


    Maintained by
    dots dots Shodor logoThe Shodor Education Foundation, Inc.
    in cooperation with the
    dots dots Shodor logoBraille Authority of North American (BANA)

    Copyright © 1998 by the Braille Authority of North America.
    Copies in print and braille may be purchased from the
    American Printing House for the Blind,
    Catalog Number 7-09652-00

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