BRL: Braille through Remote Learning
Braille
Reference Desk

Main BRL page

BANA publications
  • English Braille, American Edition 1994
  • Braille Formats
  • Chemistry 1997
  • Music 1997
  • Nemeth Mathematics 1972
    Reference Sheets
  • Summary of Rules
  • Contractions List
  • Braille contractions
  • Typical Problem words

    Interactive Resources:
  • Contraction Lookup
    Contact developers

    Copyright © 1996, 1997,1998,1999, 2000 The Shodor Education Foundation, Inc., All rights reserved.




  •   
    

    10. Whole-Word Lower-Sign Contractions to, into,and by

    1. Are subject to the rules for lower-sign contractions.
    2. Should be unspaced from the word, contraction, or composition sign that follows.
      (to)(go) (into)t(ow)n (by)m(ea)ns (of)
      (to)(en)joy (into)(this) (by)(and) l(ar)ge
      1 (to)10 (into)2 (part)s 5 (by)5

      (The) book (you) ref9er) (to)has be(en) lo(st). He (was) pass(ed) (by)(wh)ile o(the)rs (were) tak(en). (BY)(THE) OLD MISS(OU)RI J(OU)RNEY (INTO)(AM(ER)ICA

    3. When there is not space at the end of a line for one of these contractions and the word by should be written out and the in contraction should be used in the word into.
    4. May never be followed unspaced by any whole-word lower-sign contraction.
      (to)be (into)his room (by) his (mother)

    5. May never be used as parts of words or to form hyphenated compound words.
      t(ow)(ar)d well-to-(d0)
      (in)tonate (in)t0-(ever)y(th)(ing)-guy
      byway by-(and)-by

    6. May be preceded but never followed by punctuation.
      "(To)my (knowledge), )it) did (not) (go) by." Did (you) (go) to, (in)to, or (by)(it)? Yes--(by)all m(ea)ns!

    7. May be preceded and/or followed by the capital sign and/or the italic sign.
      (To)(Ch)icago (Into)New York (By)George
      (to)pret(en)d (into)no(where) (by)(com)put(er)